Basics of Using a Compass and Alternative Methods to Tell Direction

Knowing how to navigate using a compass and alternative methods can be crucial for outdoor enthusiasts and survivalists. Here, we’ll cover the basics of using a compass, some handy techniques to determine direction without one, and how to choose a quality compass.

Using a Compass

A compass is a simple yet essential tool for navigation. Here’s how to use it:

• Hold the compass flat: Keep the compass level in your hand so the needle can move freely.
• Find North: The red end of the needle points to magnetic north. Rotate the compass housing until the “N” aligns with the needle.
• Set your bearing: Turn the compass housing to align the direction of travel arrow with your desired direction.
• Follow your bearing: Keep the needle aligned with the “N” on the housing and follow the direction of travel arrow.

Alternative Methods to Tell Direction

If you don’t have a compass, you can still determine direction using these methods:

Using a Watch

You can use an analog watch to find direction:

• In the Northern Hemisphere: Point the hour hand at the sun. The midpoint between the hour hand and 12 o’clock is south.
• In the Southern Hemisphere: Point the 12 o’clock mark at the sun. The midpoint between the hour hand and 12 o’clock is north.

Using Sun Shadows

Another method involves using shadows cast by the sun:

• Stick and Shadow Method: Place a stick vertically in the ground. Mark the tip of the shadow with a stone. Wait 15-30 minutes and mark the new position of the shadow tip. Draw a line between the two marks; this line runs approximately east-west, with the first mark being west.

Types of Compasses

There are various types of compasses, each suited for different purposes:

• Magnetic Compass: Uses the Earth’s magnetic field to determine direction. Ideal for general navigation.
• Liquid Damped Compass: Contains fluid to stabilize the needle, making it more accurate in rough conditions.
• Lensatic Compass: Features a lens for precise readings, commonly used by the military.
• Orienteering Compass: Designed for use with maps, featuring a baseplate and rotating bezel.

Choosing a Quality Compass

When selecting a compass, consider the following features:

• Declination Adjustment: Essential for accurate navigation.
• Sighting Mirror: Useful for precise navigation and off-trail travel.
• Clinometer: Helps assess slope angles, important for mountaineering.
• Global Needle: Necessary for international travel.

References

For more detailed information, check out these resources:

• Types of Compasses
• How to Choose the Best Compass

Conclusion

Whether you’re using a compass or alternative methods, knowing how to determine direction is a valuable skill. Practice these techniques to enhance your navigation abilities and stay prepared for any adventure.